kmsqrd
Once BEL has a guarantee of 12 months payment for the energizing of the lights they supply the lights and install them. I believe they have the expertise in this matter.
BEL and not the Government is responsible for maintenance thereafter. The BEL position is that any defective light should be reported immediately and they will swiftly act to carry out repairs. BEL does not get paid for lights that have been reported defective and are out of commission so it's in their interest to carry out repair/replacement without delay.
BEL's business model is that $528BZE per year per light is a profitable venture for them but that a good proportion of that money is set aside for maintenance and does not go towards the electric bill part.
With regards to sensitive areas such as Tres Cocos where the properties are small and light pollution might be an issue, the standard street light used by BEL can be equipped with less powerful bulbs although I do not know if BEL have those in stock.