I don't think that gold and silver are money any more than Titanium and osmium are money. They are shiny metals extracted from dirt which people decided to use for money.
Printed paper isn't money either unless people decide to use it for that reason.
They can decide to use paper as money but will eventually run into problems because the use of paper as money breaks the rules of what will "work" as money over the long haul.
Below rules for what works as money is from the book Honest Money written by Gary North
http://www.garynorth.com/public/images/Honest%20Money.pdfGARY LIKES GOLD AND SILVER SINCE THEY HAVE ALWAYS WORKED OVER TIME AS THE BEST MONEY
The Properties of Money
Why would grain have served as money? Because it had the five essential
characteristics that all forms of money must have:
1. Divisibility
2. Portability
3. Durability
4. Recognizability
5. Scarcity (high value in relation to volume
and weight)
Normally, grain doesn't function as money. Why not? Because of characteristic
number five. A particular cup of grain doesn't possess high value, at least not in
comparison to a cup of diamonds or a cup of gold coins. The buyer thinks to himself,
"There's lots more where that came from." Normally, he's correct; there is a lot more
grain where that came from. But not during a famine.
Why divisibility? Because you need to count things. Five ounces of this for a
brand-new that. Only three ounces for a used that. Both the buyer and the seller need to
be able to make a transaction. The seller of the used "that" may want to go out and buy
three other used "thats" in order to stay in the "that" business, so he needs some way to
divide up the income from the initial sale. This means divisibility: ounces, number of
zeroes on a piece of paper, or whatever.
Portability is obvious. It isn't an absolute requirement. I have read that the South
Pacific island culture of Yap uses giant stone doughnuts as money. They are too large to
move. But they are a sign of wealth, and people are willing to give goods and services to
buy them. Actually what are exchanged are ownership certificates of some kind.
Normally, however, we prefer something a bit smaller than giant stone doughnuts. When
we go to the market, we want to carry money with us. If it can't be carried easily, it
probably won't function as money.
Durability is important, too. If your preferred money unit wears out fast or rots,
you have to keep replacing it. That means trouble. A barrel of fresh fish in a world
without refrigeration won't serve as money. But there are exceptions to the durability
rule. Cigarettes aren't durable the way that metal is, but cigarettes have functioned as
money in every known modern wartime prison camp. Their high value per unit of
weight and volume overcomes the low durability factor. Also, they stay scarce: people
keep smoking their capital.
Recognizability is crucial if you're going to persuade anyone to trade with you. If
he doesn't see that it's good, old, familiar money, he won't risk giving up ownership of
whatever it is that you're trying to buy. If it takes a long time for him to investigate
whether or not it's really money, it eats into everyone's valuable time. Investigations
aren't free of charge, either. So the costs of exchange go up. People would rather deal
with a more familiar money. It's cheaper, faster, and safer.
So what we say is that any object that possesses these five characteristics to one
degree or another has the potential of serving a society as money. Some very odd items
have served as money historically: sea shells, bear claws, salt, cattle, pieces of paper with
politicians' faces on them, and even women. (The problem with women is the
divisibility factor: half a woman is worse than no woman at all.)
Money as